We will explore the design principles of controlling micro/nanostructures formed via various manufacturing processes (casting, forging, 3D printing, hot-dip galvanizing, sintering, heat treatments, etc.) for metals and alloys. Based on the design principles, we will propose new elemental compositions and manufacturing processes for the creation of innovative structural materials with high performance and/or multifunctionality. In addition, we pursue further mechanical performance by using micromechanical testing and in-situ observations to understand the nature of plastic deformation in metals and alloys.